Social Stratification And Social Class - 1205 Words

Individuals within a society are grouped into certain rankings that is based on their wealth, income, race and education known as the social stratification. Sociologist use this to determine the social standings of individuals within a society. Social stratification can also appear in much smaller groups. These groups such as the work place, schools, and businesses can â€Å"take the form of a distribution of power and authority down the ranks†. (Cole, 2017) The Caste system is also another form of stratification that one does not get a choice in. They are born into it and regardless of their talents will hold positions that are given to them their whole life. Social mobility is the ability for individuals to move about their social standings.†¦show more content†¦Erik Wright, Dennis Gilbert and Joseph Kahl sociologist, have identified social classes within societies and created different models for it. Wright has followed along the lines of Karl Marx’s model and has modified it naming four different classes: â€Å"capitalists, petty bourgeoisie, managers, and workers†. (Www3.ncc.edu, 2017) Gilbert and Kahl’s model has six classes: â€Å"the capitalist class, the upper middle class, the lower middle class, the working class, the working poor, and the underclass†. (Www3.ncc.edu, 2017) If individuals lived in a society that was considered a classless society individuals would be living in a communist society this is why society requires different social classes. Communism is not an ideal society and prevents individuals from doing what they desire. While researching tribal and nomadic societies it would seem that these societies are ideal. The individuals who live within them all share the same â€Å"economic roles† (Newworldencyclopedia.org, 2017) and this can be considered ideal. However, communism restricts individuals from ever becoming more than what is told of them. While looking at Wright, Gilbert and Kah l’s models of social class and having an ideal society, Gilbert and Kahl’s model gives room for individuals at all class levels to play a part in society. These individuals are not set into a certain class and are free to rise to a higher class. Individuals who live in an ideal society will beShow MoreRelatedClass Stratification And Social Stratification1485 Words   |  6 Pages ‘Class stratification is no longer relevant in explaining equality in the U.K. today.’ A. Class stratification runs on 3 main points: Power (legal ability, capacity or authority granted on a person/persons), Prestige (a reputation or influence arising from success) and Privilege (a special right or immunity) with these being the root of social stratification it’s easy to see why inequality in universal with the bourgeoisie (the elite 2% of the world) controlling the proletariat (working class societyRead MoreSocial Stratification And Social Class1468 Words   |  6 Pageswe cannot understand the social world, we are more likely to be overwhelmed by it. In America society is stratified into social classes by which society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy, upper, middle and lower class. Social stratification is a trait of society, not simply a reflection of individual differences but achievement based. For that matter, social class is a controversial issue due to the perceptions of people in each class and many argue that social inequality and racism pl ayRead MoreStratification : Social, Class, And Caste1197 Words   |  5 PagesStratification: Social, Economic, Class, and Caste Social stratification is made up of hierarchical relationships among different groups of people. It is as though people are arranged in strata, or layers. Groups may be unequal with material resources, power, human welfare, education, and symbolic attributes. This social stratification began with the emergence of agriculture, but is now universally present. Stratification can be broken up into categories such as class, caste, age, and indigeneityRead MoreSocial Stratification and Class Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pagesbacks of the middle class. To people in the lower class, the promise is held that in a capitalist society, by working hard you can lift yourself out of the lower income bracket to join the middle class. Entrepreneurs who can find a need and fill it can make it into the upper class. The point is that this kind of thinking, a product of social stratification theory, is ingrained upon our minds. As a society, we accept it as a fact that we live in a multi-tiered cl ass system, and thatRead MoreThe Impact of Social Class and Stratification1728 Words   |  7 Pages101 30 November, 2010 The Impact of Social Class/Stratification Stratification and the division of people into social classes is a fundamental part of American society. Stratification is a concept that is universal; it is found in every country, every nation of the world. It is a system in which large groups of people, not individuals, are divided into different layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige. Stratification applies not only to the different nationsRead MoreStratification Monopoly And Social Class857 Words   |  4 PagesDuring Stratification monopoly each person was assigned to a social group. There were four different social groups which were middle class, lower class, upper class and the working class. I was assigned the lower class and I knew once the game started that I was going to have to work hard to stay in the game. Each person was given a different amount of money due to their social class. Being that I was in the lower class, I started the game off with five-hundred dollars, while the other membe rs startedRead MoreSocial Stratification, Class System And Ethnocentrism703 Words   |  3 PagesSocial stratification, class systems, and ethnocentrism are all parts of our society that influence our thoughts of what is normal and what is outlandish. Social stratification is a system in which society ranks and organizes people into ranks to identify them. A class system is a system which classifies people based on their social position at birth and their achievements later in life. Ethnocentrism is the view that one’s own culture is â€Å"normal† and other cultures are odd; through ethnocentrismRead MoreSocial Class Ladder As A Means Of Stratification Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagessocieties use gender as a means of stratification. Discuss the consequences of this gender stratification, 2. Distinguish the difference between race and ethnicity, and give an example of each, 3. Summarize the U.S. social class ladder as proposed by Joseph Kahl and Dennis Gilbert, and 4. Discuss how marriage and family are viewed from the three sociological perspectives. FINAL ESSAY Page 3 1. According to the textbook, gender stratification is defined as males’ and females’Read MoreEssay on Social Stratification and The Importance of Class1042 Words   |  5 Pagesprides itself on its equality and freedom; in reality we do not hold up these values and are faced with inequality and imbalance. The modern American class system outlines many of the inequalities that plague our nation. In a country that prides itself on equality, there is a lot of evidence that point to social stratification and the importance of class. According to the 2010- 2011 American Community Survey, â€Å"46.2 million Americans live below the poverty line. This number includes 21.9% of childrenRead MoreSocial Stratification : Social Class, Ethnicity, Age, And Gender1074 Words   |  5 Pages It is in the human nature to be social beings, and have a social identity. Social stratification is the organization of individuals into social groups based on their access to basic needs. Aspects that affect social stratification are wealth, power, and prestige. Wealth is the amount of currency or goods that an individual or family owns. This can include money, houses, livestock, etc. Power is the ability for one to achieve their goals regardless of opposition. Wealth is directly related to

Rhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. Essay

In 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. wrote a letter while incarcerated in Birmingham jail to eight clergymen in response to their letter known as â€Å" A Call For Unity.† The letter asked for the halt of direct action type protest in Birmingham, Alabama that Martin Luther King was leading. The letter has become known as one of the greatest works of argument in American history. Part of the reason for the letter’s notoriety and effectiveness is due to its eloquent use of pathos. King’s use of pathos in his letter not only supports the claims that he makes but also makes his argument morally irrefutable. King’s letter is littered here and there with snippets of pathos that appear next to logos and ethos and some sections are exclusively use pathos. King’s paragraph explaining why it is difficult to wait for the end of segregation is one that is entirely dedicated to stirring the emotion of the reader of which it does quite an effective job. The main theme throughout the paragraph is King’s urge to the clergymen to see things from the black person’s perspective. The clergymen want King to wait for their chance at freedom so that the courts may handle it. Since patience is universally considered as a virtue, they believe it is perfectly reasonable to ask King to delay his direct action so that desegregation can be handled in the courts. King makes the claim that the time to wait is over. He says, â€Å"We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God given rights.† (KingShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.1046 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis Essay Civil rights activist, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his memorable â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech while standing at the feet of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. His uplifting speech is one of the most admired during the civil rights era and arguably one of the best in American history. On August 28th, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. spoke about the true American dream: equality. Although the video of his oral spectacle is powerful, the written document portrays exactly howRead MoreThe Rhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.1139 Words   |  5 Pagesuse rhetorical devices and strategies to get their point across and try to convince the reader to believe in their perspective. It can also be used to get emotions from its readers, but that isn’t really the whole point of persuading someone. For instance, Martin Luther King Jr. uses an abundance of pathos in order to make the reader or clergymen feel sympathy towards the black people. Along with pathos, he uses lo gos and a bundle of hypophora. In order to obtain the goal of persuasion, Martin LutherRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr847 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr and The Civil Rights Movement Martin Luther King Jr was a protestor who became the most important spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement.  He was a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP) and in 1954, he decided to take a position as a preacher at Dexter Avenue Church in Montgomery, Alabama. King felt as though it was his moral duty to help the civil rights movement which is why he planned many activities that will helpRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.976 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. wrote numerous speeches in efforts to inspire the idea of non-violent protesting in hopes of eventually reaching racial equality. Under what conditions can a man with seemingly no connection to a local community step in and assume the mantle of leadership as a spokesman for a segment of that community’s population? In all of the speeches, one way or another, Dr. King used several different rhetorical devices in order to defend his ow n actions. In specific, two of his speechesRead MoreThe Rhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.728 Words   |  3 Pages Martin Luther King Jr. gives this speech on September 28, 1965. This time period was the heart of the Civil Rights movement in America. Slaves received their freedom at the end of the Civil War, in 1865. However, the battle for former slaves did not end there. While they may have earned their freedom, there was still a long road ahead to achieving equality. Martin Luther King Jr., was a Civil Rights activist and speaker. In this speech, he talked not only about what has been accomplished, but aboutRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr1689 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King Junior is often known as the leader of African American civil rights in the United States. His infamous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech brought a crowd of over two hundred and fifty thousand people to the steps and lake of the Lincoln Monument in Washington D.C. In 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. led a protest in Birmingham, Alabama that focused on the unfair treatment and the segregation of African Americans. The court ruled that he was not allowed to hold protests. Therefore, he was arrestedRead MoreThe Rhetorical Analysis Of Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.764 Words   |  4 PagesWhile sitting in a jail cell, Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. uses this time of reflection to write a letter to the 7 white church leaders in the south in rebuttal to their recent criticisms of the Civil Rights Movement. The letter comes after the recent protest in Birmingham, and the criticisms of his work form the Southern leaders. King crafts his argument in a cause and effect style to illustrate the direct problems or criticisms, and refutes these claims with substantial support in favor of hisRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.769 Words   |  4 Pagesactivists in the nation such as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. After his assassination, people took their grief to the public and called for acts of violence to deal with the sudden loss. As their anger continued to rise, Cesar Chavez published an article, in which he urged people to come to their senses and take a less violent approach to the situation. Chavez states that only through nonviolence will people continue to strive towards the peace that they and Dr. King have so long looked forward to. HeRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s I Have A Dream 1132 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. was the man who wrote the speech entitled â€Å"I have a dream† and presented it to nearly 250,000 people on August 23, 1963. In that speech, MLK Jr. used several different types of figurative language/rhetorical devices in order to convey his message to the people on a deeper level. These devices include personification, allusion, symbolism, hyperbole, metaphor, simile, and anaphora. Personification is a form of figurative language in which something has nonhuman human qualitiesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech By Martin Luther King Jr.815 Words   |  4 PagesMemorial more than two score years ago, Dr. Martin Luther King electrified America with his momentous I Have a Dream speech. Aimed at the entire nation, King’s main purpose in this speech was to convince his audience to demand racial justice towards the mistreated African Americans and to stand up together for the rights afforded to all under the Constitution. To further convey this purpose more effectively, King cleverly makes use of the rhetorical devices — ethos, pathos and logos — using figurative

Individuality Vs. The Perfect World Essay Example For Students

Individuality Vs. The Perfect World Essay Imagine the world as only beautiful people. Everywhere you look is a Cindy Crawford look-a-like: 59, brown hair, brown eyes, and the perfect smile. A Master Race. Do we really want to reenact Adolf Hitlers plan of seeking world domination killing million upon millions as a final solution? Instead of killing, wed be reproducing millions, going against nature. Say we went and got one of Princess Dianas cells and implanted that in an egg that was then placed into a surrogate mother. Nine months later, we would have a baby Princess Diana. Only trouble is, this baby would only resemble Princess Diana in looks, not personality, character, or individuality. Her whole life wouldnt be what it had been; she wouldnt be her. What if your newborn son died? Just think; you could have a second chance. Is this morally or ethnically right? Cloning of humans should be forbidden, but cloning of human body parts for medicinal purposes should be allowed. Cloning hasnt been a big issue or ever thought to have actually been made to work until 1997 with the successful birth of a lamb named Dolly. Out of 277 eggs implanted in different sheep mothers, Dolly was the only lamb successfully born. The method used to clone Dolly was scientists at the Roslin Institute in Scotland took a cell out of the mammary gland. They then used an electrical pulse to coax an adult cell into merging with a host egg whose nucleus had been removed (Hoon). This method being very unsuccessful brought on a new one where scientists used mice, injecting just the adult nucleus into a nucleus free host instead of using an electrical pulse. They also had let it set for two hours before stimulating it to start dividing. The success rate was 2-3 in 100. Now knowing that we could clone sheep and mice, scientists were up to the possibility and challenge of cloning humans. As soon as it became public knowledge that cloning was really happening and becoming more successful, President Clinton imposed a ban on federal funding for human-cloning research. Several states have established restrictions, some even banning cloning completely (Masci 420). Cloning is not morally or ethnically right. Morally, scientists would be taking the role of God. If a clone dies, where would they go? In religious beliefs, clones would have no souls because God didnt create them. Cloning would alter the definition of ourselves. To clone a dead person with their DNA would only make another person that would look exactly the same minus their personality, character, talents, memories, scars, and life. Can you imagine raising a cloned child? As he/she grew up it wouldnt be the same. They would be thought of as a special child, that is if they were even born correctly. The odds of even having a human clone born with out defects are very, very slim. The child would go through grade school probably all right until it come time for family life. He/she comes home and it is now your time to explain the birds and bees speech. Are you going to explain that he/she is different than all other kids and is a big scientific study or are you going to lie? Either way , youre going to have to live with the consequences. Dolly was cloned from a sheep cell that was about six years old, a middle age for an ewe. So this means that when Dolly was born she was technically six years old. This would mean that she would only be expected to live for five years, which would in truth be shorter than the normal lifespan of eleven years. If this was true, and humans were cloned, their lifespan would be shorter also. This was proved wrong, but if Dolly was born being six years old, shed be about ten years old right now, and old age. Does this mean that she is only going to live two more years or nine more? Life isnt a toy; its a very serious thing. You were brought on to this planet for a reason and cloning doesnt seem to be a good enough one. .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c , .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c .postImageUrl , .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c , .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c:hover , .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c:visited , .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c:active { border:0!important; } .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c:active , .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufd507d1e8549293a7534272f2440698c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Manatees EssayCloning would deplete genetic diversity. It is diversity

Effect of Globalization on Domestic Business-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.What is Globalization and how does it affect Domestic Businesses? 2.When you compare Absolute Advantage Theory and Comparative Advantage Theory, which one appears to be more practical, and why? 3.Donald Trump, president of United States of America, announced the imposition of tariff on Chinese imports in the recent past. Based on your understanding of the first 3 topics of this unit, (i) what could have been the reason/logic behind such a comment/decision, and (ii) what are the implications of such an intervention on domestic consumers? Answers: 1.Globalization Globalization is the process in which movement of goods, services, people technology, etc. take place. In business term; it is investing the funds beyond the home country around the globe (Hirst, Thompson Bromley, 2015). In other words it can be said that globalization is the process in which interaction and integration occur among the people, companies, etc. globalization helps countries in opening new markets for the business. After the emergence of the globalization there is an increase in the foreign transactions of the companies. There are many countries across the world that conducts there working in the home country. Globalization affects domestic businesses Globalization creates an impact on the working of the business. Domestic businesses think of expanding the business and availing the advantage of the globalization. Domestic businesses get the opportunity to expand the business in the global market. Globalization provides a new way to the domestic business through which they can adapt innovative ways and advance technology, which helps the companies to bring change in the existing product (Crane Matten, 2016). Some of the points related to the positive and negative impacts of globalization on domestic business are discussed below. Positive affect Access to the global market- The companies situated at the local market gets the opportunity to investment in the foreign markets. So that companies will be able to make the huge profit. Low cost- Domestic companies will be able to hire the employees across the world. Each and every company desire to hire the employees who has talent. With the emergence of the globalization company will be able to enjoy benefit of the low overhead costs and more efficient staffing. The business Equalizer- Globalization through internet brings the equality between the small businesses and the big businesses. The domestic businesses get the equal chance to expand business in the foreign markets. Now the businesses are not limited to the local markets they are expanding. Negative affect Jobs insecurity- After the occurrence of the globalization employees started facing job insecurity problems. As the companies started hiring outside employees who are experienced and have skills. Taxes and Tariff- This is the major problem which is faced by the businesses. For importing and exporting the products and the services the businesses have to pay the taxes of both the sides either it is the local or international. The rates of the charges may vary from the mode of the transportation, location and material that need to be transported (Baylis, Owens, Smith, 2017). Competition- Domestic businesses have opened the market in the foreign countries due to globalization. Due to globalization there is increase in the competition between the countries; each and every company nowadays is using high technology. Some of the domestic companies might not be able to produce the goods on the cost; this hampers the sustainability of the company in the market that result in the closure of the business. 2.Absolute advantage theory This theory shows the ability of the party to product greater quality by using limited amount of resources than a competing entity. This theory is basically used by the Producer that requires less quantity inputs to be produced. So the company who need bulk production will not use this theory (Huxham Vangen, 2013). Comparative advantage theory This theory shows the ability of a party to produce a particular goods and services at a lower opportunity cost and marginal cost over the competing entity (Feenstra, 2015). This theory helps in identifying the specialization of the country in the production of the particular goods. The opportunity cost refers to as the loss of other alternative when company already chosen one alternative (Teece, 2014). Out of both the theories, the theory which appears to be more practical is Comparative advantage theory. Each and every country has different specialization in the production of the goods. By applying the theory the countries are able to identify their field of specialization that ultimately brings the efficiency. International trade allows the nation to enjoy the benefit of providing multiple products at the reasonable prices but each nation can bring efficiency production of one product itself. Hence, for the identification of that one product companies need to follow the comparative advantage theory. That is the reason behind increase in the use of the comparative advantage theory by the company. Example- Assume that France and Italy have enough resources to produce either Wine or Cheese. France can produce 10 units of cheese or 20 units of wine. The opportunity cost of per unit of the cheese is 20/10, that is 2 units of wine. On the other hand the opportunity cost of per unit of the wine is 10/20, that is 0.5 units of cheese. Italy has the abilities to produce 22 units of cheese or 30 units of wine. Over here, Italy has an absolute advantage for producing cheese and wine. Italy is having the opportunity of wine is 22/30, or 0.73 units of cheese while the cost of the cheese is 30/22, or 1.36 units of wine. It is clearly shown Italys opportunity cost of the production the wine is quiet high then the Frances. Italys opportunity cost for the cheese is low as compare to the France. Neither nation can produce both wine and cheese (Investopedia, 2017). The best strategy both the countries can follow is France to specialize in the production of the wine, the reason being the country has a comparative advantage. Italy should produce cheese, through which the country can enjoy the efficiency in the production of one item. Nations can take along innovative technologies to bring the change in product; which they are specialized at the low cost. Hence, there will be increase in the trading opportunities. The use of technology enhances the quality of the products. Over here, both the countries get the trade benefits in terms of the opportunity, efficiency, demand, low cost, etc. 3(i) Donald trump who is president of United States of America, announced the increase in the tariff on Chinese imports. In the year 2015, the president decided to impose 45% tariffs on all the Chinese imports (Reuters, 2016). Earlier in the year 2011, US president trump impose the tariff on the Chinese imports- 25%. Hence, this is not the 1st time US president Donald trump is imposing tariff on the Chinese imports. As per my understanding, the high tariffs on the imports by the US president will force china to decrease the trade with the US. Hence, this increases the demand of the domestic businesses products. Earlier, due to the availability of the Chinese products at cheap prices customers avoid buying product from the US industries. The step taken by the Donald trump is to increase the business of the US industries (Flores, 2016). Due to this step there will be increase in the protection/creation of the jobs in America, US. These could have been the reason behind the logic or beh ind the decision. In front of the Chinese imported products; the US industries will not be able to sustain in the market then they have to shut down the business. This may lead to the exploitation of the business established in US. Considering the above topics globalization is essential for each and every nation. Based on the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage free trade helps all countries. Tariff creates an effect on the relative supply of wealth to the 3 principles (labor, capital and natural resources). The increase in the tariff by the US on china imports creates an effect on the exports industries of the US. Similarly, china can retaliate and place tariffs on the US exports (Monetarist, 2016). 3(ii) Decision of increase in the tariff on china imports creates an intervention on the domestic buyers. Domestic customers will not be able to buy imported goods as previous. Customers have to buy the products available in their domestic country. This will increase the demand of the products of the US industries. For the US products customers might have to pay huge amount. Import facility is done by US because there are some products which they are getting on cheap prices due to import facility. On the other hand if US produces same product; domestic customers have to pay huge prices. Government can crack the deal with the other countries for the substitutes of the Chinese products. In that case customers might have to face the problem with the quality or prices of the substitute products. Chinese imports not only include finished products delivery but it also includes raw materials for the US industries. This may force the industries to shift to the other places where they will be able to get the adequate availability of the row material. This may hamper the availability of the products to the customers. If there is a change in the working of the US industry then the customers also have to bear that; in the way of irregular delivery of the products. References Baylis, J., Owens, P. Smith, S. eds., 2017. The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Crane, A. Matten, D., 2016. Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Feenstra, R.C., 2015. Advanced international trade: theory and evidence. Princeton university press. Flores, R., 2016 January 7th, Donald Trump wants huge tariffs on Chinese exports to the U.S., CBS News, viewed on 1st August 2017, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-wants-huge-tariffs-on-chinese-exports-to-the-u-s/ Hirst, P., Thompson, G. Bromley, S., 2015. Globalization in question. John Wiley Sons. Huxham, C. Vangen, S., 2013. Managing to collaborate: The theory and practice of collaborative advantage. Routledge. Investopedia, 2017, What is the difference between comparative advantage and absolute advantage?, viewed on 1st August 2017, https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/033115/what-difference-between-comparative-advantage-and-absolute-advantage.asp Monetarist, T.M., 2016, Trump, Tariffs And Trade With China, viewed on 1st August 2017, https://seekingalpha.com/article/3958102-trump-tariffs-trade-china Reuters, 2016, Heres How Donald Trumps Trade Policy Could Backfire, viewed on 1st August 2017, https://fortune.com/2016/03/24/trump-tariff-trade-china-mexico/ Teece, D.J., 2014. A dynamic capabilities-based entrepreneurial theory of the multinational enterprise. Journal of International Business Studies, 45(1), pp.8-37.

Verbal Aggression Essay Example For Students

Verbal Aggression Essay Verbal aggression is message behavior which attacks a person’s self-concept in order to deliver psychological pain.(Infante, 1995) Studies of verbal aggression have focused primarily on children and adolescents in educational and social settings. Very few studies were found to examine verbal aggression in adults in the workplace.(Ebbesen, Duncan, Konecni, 1974) The consequences of verbal aggression in the workplace can lead to social isolation, job related stress, health related problems, as well as problems in career advancement. It therefore should be considered important, for the individual and management, to identify and address the causes of verbal aggression. This program attempts to understand verbal aggression by 1) identifying the various functions of verbal aggression. We will write a custom essay on Verbal Aggression specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 2) identifying the antecedent conditions of verbal aggression. 3) Avoiding the antecedent conditions of verbal aggression. Method Subject The subject, Shirley J., is a 49 year old African American female. Shirley J. has several advanced degrees and is employed as a school psychologist in a metropolitan school district. She is married with two adult children. The subject readily agreed that the target behavior, verbal aggression, is a problem as it interferes with her relationships with others. She was enthusiastic in her desire to reduce, if not eliminate, this behavior. It would seem that self-monitoring for verbal aggression and antecedent control would be valuable as it would allow for consistent avoidance of verbal aggression. As a school psychologist the subject was very familiar with the basic principles of applied behavioral analysis and frequently offered programmatic suggestions. A behavioral contract was developed jointly between the therapist and subject. The contract outlined the target behavior, success criteria, and individual responsibilities of the therapist and subject. (see Appendix A) Apparatus A basic checklist was used to document the frequency of verbal aggression on a daily basis. The checklist was designed to track only the occurrence of the behavior. It was felt by the therapist that the content of the verbally aggressive message would be too open for subjective interpretation and that no meaningful data would be gained from such documentation. In addition the subject made frequent comments of significant success or failure in avoiding verbal aggression for discussion with the therapist. The weekly discussions were used to evaluate the appropriateness of the procedures used and make any necessary adjustments to the program. Procedure For the first two weeks of the program no intervention was applied. Given that the subject self-reported that verbal aggression was a problem it was important to determine if the frequency of the behavior merited intervention. Therefore, the subject documented the daily frequency of verbal aggression. The results of the baseline period revealed a high rate of verbal aggression. (see Appendix B) Given the results of the baseline data as well as the demanding, often stressful, nature of the subjects job, it was mutually agreed that reducing verbal aggression would be the focus of the program. Verbal aggression was defined as cursing, yelling, and screaming at others. The agreed upon goals of the program was to decrease verbal aggression by 75% of baseline for four consecutive weeks. Treatment would consist of identifying and avoiding the antecedent conditions to verbal aggression. Avoidance of the antecedents is considered less restrictive, more proactive, and most effective. During the initial consultation it was determined that the antecedent conditions included, but was not limited to: work stress, time of day, verbal behavior of others (ie. tone of voice, inflection of voice and content of conversation, etc.), and non- verbal behavior of others (ie. facial expression, body posture, eye contact, etc.). In addition, the subject was required to self monitor for the following antecedents: clenched fists, tight jaw, rapid heart beat, and the emotions of anger, frustration and disappointment. Lastly, it was suggested by Infante (1995) that appropriate strategy must be taken to prevent verbal aggression from escalating. Successful avoidance of the antecedent conditions consisted of removing oneself from stressful situations, when possible, as well as not responding verbally when provoked. Weekly consultation revealed that verbal aggression was most often used to: 1) Escape demand situations. .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2 , .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2 .postImageUrl , .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2 , .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2:hover , .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2:visited , .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2:active { border:0!important; } .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2:active , .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2 .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d274c5dfb4f8c663810612a96ee12c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lock harts Lament Paper Essay 2) Avoid demand situations. 3) Relieve job stress. The subject was to document the frequency of verbal aggression and record the circumstances of significant success or failure during the

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